The Kennedy Half Dollar is more than just a piece of currency; it is a significant part of American history and a prized possession for numismatists. Since its introduction in 1964, this coin has captured the interest of collectors worldwide due to its unique design, historical context, and varying degrees of rarity. This article delves into the origins, variations, and the most sought-after examples of the Kennedy Half Dollar, providing a comprehensive guide for collectors and enthusiasts.
The Origins of the Kennedy Half Dollar
Historical Context
The Kennedy Half Dollar was introduced in 1964, following the assassination of President John F. Kennedy in November 1963. The coin was created to honor the late president and was fast-tracked into production as a tribute. The idea for the coin was proposed shortly after Kennedy’s death, and with overwhelming public support, the U.S. Mint expedited its creation and release.
Design and Approval
The obverse (front) of the coin features a portrait of President Kennedy, designed by Gilroy Roberts, who was the Chief Engraver of the U.S. Mint at the time. The reverse (back) of the coin, designed by Frank Gasparro, depicts the Presidential Seal, featuring a heraldic eagle holding a bundle of arrows and an olive branch. Both designs were approved by the Kennedy family, with Jacqueline Kennedy personally involved in the process.
Initial Release
The first Kennedy Half Dollars were struck in 1964, with a composition of 90% silver and 10% copper. The initial release generated immense public interest, leading to widespread hoarding and limited circulation. As a result, many 1964 Kennedy Half Dollars remain in excellent condition today.
Variations and Key Dates
Silver Composition (1964-1970)
From 1964 to 1970, the Kennedy Half Dollar contained varying amounts of silver. The 1964 coins were made of 90% silver, but starting in 1965, the composition was changed to 40% silver due to rising silver prices and a national coin shortage. These silver coins are highly prized by collectors, particularly those in uncirculated or proof condition.
Clad Composition (1971-Present)
In 1971, the composition of the Kennedy Half Dollar was changed to a copper-nickel clad, eliminating silver entirely. This change was part of a broader move by the U.S. Mint to reduce the use of precious metals in circulation coins. While these clad coins are less valuable in terms of metal content, certain dates and mint marks can still be highly collectible.
Bicentennial Design (1975-1976)
In 1975 and 1976, the Kennedy Half Dollar featured a special Bicentennial design to commemorate the 200th anniversary of American independence. The obverse remained the same, but the reverse was redesigned to feature Independence Hall, along with the dual date “1776-1976.” These coins were produced in both copper-nickel clad and a 40% silver composition for collectors.
Key Dates and Rarities
Several dates and mint marks within the Kennedy Half Dollar series are particularly sought after by collectors:
- 1964-D: The Denver-minted 1964 Kennedy Half Dollar is notable for its high silver content and quality.
- 1966 SMS: The Special Mint Set (SMS) Kennedy Half Dollars from 1966 are known for their enhanced finish and limited production.
- 1970-D: The 1970-D Kennedy Half Dollar was only available in mint sets, making it a rare find in circulation.
- 1998-S Matte Proof: Issued as part of a special set, the 1998-S Matte Proof Kennedy Half Dollar is highly prized for its unique finish and low mintage.
The Most Sought-After Kennedy Half Dollar
1964 Accented Hair Proof
The 1964 Accented Hair Proof Kennedy Half Dollar is considered one of the most sought-after coins in the series. This variation features more pronounced lines in Kennedy’s hair, particularly above his ear. The Accented Hair variety was part of the initial proof coin run and was quickly modified, making it a rare and valuable find. Only an estimated 1-3% of the 1964 proof sets contain this variety.
Identifying the Accented Hair Variety
To identify the 1964 Accented Hair Proof Kennedy Half Dollar, look for the following features:
- Hair Detail: More pronounced hairlines above Kennedy’s ear.
- Missing Serif on “I”: The letter “I” in “LIBERTY” on the obverse lacks a lower left serif.
- Enhanced Details: Overall sharper details compared to the standard proof.
Value and Collectibility
The value of a 1964 Accented Hair Proof Kennedy Half Dollar can vary significantly based on its condition. High-grade examples (graded PR67 or higher) can fetch several thousand dollars at auction. The coin’s rarity and unique design make it a cornerstone for any serious Kennedy Half Dollar collection.
Collecting Kennedy Half Dollars
Building a Collection
Starting a Kennedy Half Dollar collection can be both rewarding and challenging. Here are some steps to help you build a comprehensive collection:
- Start with Basics: Begin with readily available dates and mint marks, focusing on both circulated and uncirculated examples.
- Explore Proofs and Special Issues: Add proof coins and special issues like the Bicentennial design and the 1998-S Matte Proof.
- Hunt for Key Dates: Seek out key dates and rarities, such as the 1964 Accented Hair Proof and the 1970-D.
- Invest in Quality: Prioritize coins in the best possible condition, as they will hold their value better over time.
Storing and Displaying Your Collection
Proper storage and display are crucial for preserving the condition of your Kennedy Half Dollar collection. Consider the following tips:
- Use Coin Holders: Store each coin in individual holders or capsules to prevent damage and contamination.
- Avoid Humidity: Keep your collection in a dry, cool environment to prevent corrosion and tarnishing.
- Display Cases: Use display cases with UV-protected glass to showcase your collection while protecting it from light damage.
Grading and Authentication
Understanding the grading system is essential for any serious coin collector. The Sheldon Coin Grading Scale, which ranges from 1 (poor) to 70 (perfect), is commonly used to grade Kennedy Half Dollars. High-grade coins, particularly those graded MS65 or higher, are more valuable and sought after. Professional grading services like PCGS and NGC can provide certification and authentication, adding to the coin’s value and collectibility.
The Future of Kennedy Half Dollar Collecting
Ongoing Popularity
The Kennedy Half Dollar continues to be a popular choice for collectors. Its historical significance, variety of designs, and the presence of key dates and rarities ensure its ongoing appeal. New collectors are drawn to the series for its accessibility and the potential for discovering valuable coins.
Modern Issues and Commemoratives
In recent years, the U.S. Mint has released several special issues and commemorative Kennedy Half Dollars. These modern coins often feature enhanced designs, special finishes, and low mintages, making them attractive to both new and seasoned collectors.
Investment Potential
While coin collecting should primarily be a hobby and passion, Kennedy Half Dollars can also represent a sound investment. Key dates and high-grade examples tend to appreciate over time, providing a potential financial return for collectors. Staying informed about market trends and continuing to seek out quality additions can enhance the investment potential of your collection.
Conclusion
The Kennedy Half Dollar stands as a testament to American history, artistry, and the enduring legacy of President John F. Kennedy. From its inception in 1964 to the present day, this coin has captivated collectors with its beauty, variety, and historical significance. Whether you’re a seasoned numismatist or a newcomer to coin collecting, the Kennedy Half Dollar offers a rich and rewarding journey. By understanding its history, variations, and key dates, and by carefully curating your collection, you can enjoy both the aesthetic and potential financial benefits of this iconic coin.
FAQs
1. What makes the 1964 Accented Hair Proof Kennedy Half Dollar so valuable?
The 1964 Accented Hair Proof Kennedy Half Dollar is valuable due to its rarity and unique design features, such as the pronounced hairlines above Kennedy’s ear and the missing serif on the “I” in “LIBERTY.” These characteristics were quickly modified, making the Accented Hair variety a sought-after collectible.
2. How can I identify a genuine 1964 Accented Hair Proof Kennedy Half Dollar?
To identify a genuine 1964 Accented Hair Proof, look for the detailed hairlines above Kennedy’s ear and the missing serif on the “I” in “LIBERTY.” Additionally, the coin should have sharper overall details compared to the standard proof.
3. Are Kennedy Half Dollars still in production?
Yes, Kennedy Half Dollars are still in production, but they are no longer minted for general circulation. Instead, they are produced in limited quantities for collectors and are available through the U.S. Mint’s numismatic programs.
4. What is the difference between a proof and an uncirculated Kennedy Half Dollar?
Proof Kennedy Half Dollars are struck using specially prepared dies and planchets, resulting in coins with sharp details and a mirror-like finish. Uncirculated Kennedy Half Dollars are struck for circulation but have not been circulated, retaining their original mint luster.
5. How should I store my Kennedy Half Dollar collection to maintain its value?
To maintain the value of your Kennedy Half Dollar collection, store each coin in individual holders or capsules to prevent damage and contamination. Keep the collection in a dry, cool environment, and consider using display cases with UV-protected glass to showcase your coins while protecting them from light damage.
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